51.7 Peace of Westphalia

Last decade of the Thirty Years War - French, Swedish, Spanish, German, and imperial armies fight to gain strategic advantage in a central Europe already devastated by many years of conflict and pillaging. Finally in 1648 the sides agree to the Peace of Westphalia.

Music: Claudio Monteverdi - Lamento della ninfa, 1638, dedicated to Emperor Ferdinand III


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